BEIRUT (AP) — Abu Mohammed al-Golani, the militant chief whose beautiful insurgency toppled Syria’s President Bashar Assad, has spent years working to remake his public picture, renouncing longtime ties to al-Qaida and depicting himself as a champion of pluralism and tolerance. In current days, the insurgency even dropped his nom de guerre and started referring to him by his actual title, Ahmad al-Sharaa.
The extent of that transformation from jihadi extremist to would-be state builder is now put to the take a look at.
Insurgents management capital Damascus, Assad has fled into hiding, and for the primary time after 50 years of his household’s iron hand, it’s an open query how Syria will probably be ruled.
Syria is dwelling to a number of ethnic and spiritual communities, usually pitted towards one another by Assad’s state and years of conflict. Many of them concern the chance Sunni Islamist extremists will take over. The nation can also be fragmented amongst disparate armed factions, and overseas powers from Russia and Iran to the United States, Turkey and Israel all have their fingers within the combine.
The 42-year-old al-Golani — labeled a terrorist by the United States — has not appeared publicly since Damascus fell early Sunday. But he and his rebel pressure, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS – a lot of whose fighters are jihadis — stand to be a significant participant.
For years, al-Golani labored to consolidate energy, whereas bottled up within the province of Idlib in Syria’s northwest nook as Assad’s Iranian- and Russian-backed rule over a lot of the nation appeared strong.
Syrian opposition fighters seize ammunition deserted by the military within the city of Khan Assubul, Syria, southwest of Aleppo, Sunday, Dec. 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed)
He maneuvered amongst extremist organizations whereas eliminating rivals and former allies. He sought to shine the picture of his de-facto “salvation authorities” that has been operating Idlib to win over worldwide governments and reassure Syria’s non secular and ethnic minorities. And he constructed ties with numerous tribes and different teams.
Along the best way, al-Golani shed his garb as a hard-line Islamist guerrilla and placed on fits for press interviews, speaking of constructing state establishments and decentralizing energy to replicate Syria’s range.
“Syria deserves a governing system that’s institutional, nobody the place a single ruler makes arbitrary choices,” he mentioned in an interview with CNN final week, providing the chance HTS would finally be dissolved after Assad falls.
“Don’t decide by phrases, however by actions,” he mentioned.
Al-Golani’s beginnings in Iraq
Al-Golani’s ties to al-Qaida stretch again to 2003, when he joined extremists battling U.S. troops in Iraq. The Syrian native was detained by the U.S. army however remained in Iraq. During that point, al-Qaida usurped like-minded teams and fashioned the extremist Islamic State of Iraq, led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
In 2011, a preferred rebellion towards Syria’s Assad triggered a brutal authorities crackdown and led to all-out conflict. Al-Golani’s prominence grew when al-Baghdadi despatched him to Syria to determine a department of al-Qaida known as the Nusra Front. The United States labeled the brand new group as a terrorist group. That designation nonetheless stays in place and the U.S. authorities has put a $10 million bounty on him.
The Nusra Front and the Syrian battle
As Syria’s civil conflict intensified in 2013, so did al-Golani’s ambitions. He defied al-Baghdadi’s calls to dissolve the Nusra Front and merge it with al-Qaida’s operation in Iraq, to kind the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS.
Al-Golani nonetheless pledged his allegiance to al-Qaida, which later disassociated itself from ISIS. The Nusra Front battled ISIS and eradicated a lot of its competitors among the many Syrian armed opposition to Assad.
Syrian opposition fighters stand atop a seized army armored automobile on the outskirts of Hama, Syria, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2024. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed)
In his first interview in 2014, al-Golani saved his face coated, telling a reporter for Qatari community Al-Jazeera that he rejected political talks in Geneva to finish the battle. He mentioned his aim was to see Syria dominated underneath Islamic legislation and made clear that there was no room for the nation’s Alawite, Shiite, Druze and Christian minorities.
Consolidating energy and rebranding
In 2016, al-Golani revealed his face to the general public for the primary time in a video message that introduced his group was renaming itself Jabhat Fateh al-Sham -– the Syria Conquest Front — and slicing its ties to al-Qaida.
“This new group has no affiliation to any exterior entity,” he mentioned within the video, filmed sporting army garb and a turban.
Syrian opposition fighters stand atop a seized army armored automobile on the outskirts of Hama, Syria, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2024. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed)
The transfer paved the best way for al-Golani to claim full management over fracturing militant teams. A yr later, his alliance rebranded once more as Hayat Tahrir al-Sham -– that means Organization for Liberating Syria — because the teams merged, consolidating al-Golani’s energy in northwest Syria’s Idlib province.
HTS later clashed with impartial Islamist militants who opposed the merger, additional emboldening al-Golani and his group because the main energy in northwestern Syria, in a position to rule with an iron fist.
With his energy consolidated, al-Golani set in movement a metamorphosis that few might have imagined. Replacing his army garb with shirt and trousers, he started calling for non secular tolerance and pluralism.
He appealed to the Druze group in Idlib, which the Nusra Front had beforehand focused, and visited the households of Kurds who had been killed by Turkish-backed militias.
In 2021, al-Golani had his first interview with an American journalist on PBS. Wearing a blazer, together with his quick hair gelled again, the now extra soft-spoken HTS chief mentioned that his group posed no risk to the West and that sanctions imposed towards it had been unjust.
“Yes, we’ve got criticized Western insurance policies,” he mentioned. “But to wage a conflict towards the United States or Europe from Syria, that’s not true. We didn’t say we wished to struggle.”
